Macam Macam Pronoun (Kata Ganti)
PRONOUN (Kata Ganti)
A. Personal Pronoun
Personal Pronoun adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menggantikan orang, benda, binatang atau hal lainnya.
Personal Pronoun bisa digunakan sebagai:
- Subject Nominative (Subjek Pelaku)
- Object Accusative (Objek Pendirita)
- Possessive Adjective (Kata Sifat Kepemilikan)
- Possessive Pronoun (Kata Ganti Pemilik)
- Reflexive Pronoun (Kata Ganti Refleksif)
Keterangan | Subject | Object | Possessive Adjective | Possessive Pronoun | Reflexive Pronoun |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aku / Saya | I | me | my | mine | myself |
Kamu / Kalian | you | you | your | yours | yourself / yourselves |
Kami | we | us | our | ours | ourselves |
Mereka | they | them | their | theirs | thirselves |
Dia (Pria) | he | him | his | his | himself |
Dia (Wanita) | she | her | her | hers | herself |
Dia (Benda/Hewan) | it | it | its | its | itself |
Kata Ganti Sebagai Subjek
Orang ke | Tunggal | Jamak |
---|---|---|
1st | I | We |
2nd | You (kamu) | You (kalian) |
3rd | He She It | They |
Kata ganti sebagai subjek ini diletakkan di awal kalimat.
Untuk lebih jelasnya, bisa diperhatikan contoh-contoh dibawah ini:
- Toni is a student. = He is a student.
- Ayu is clever. = She is clever.
- Toni and Ayu are smart. = They are smart.
- You and Roy are sleepy. = You are sleepy.
- My mother and I are in here = We are in here
- The cat is funny. = It is funny.
- The cats are funny. = They are funny.
Kata Ganti Sebagai Objek:
Subject | Object |
---|---|
I | me |
you | you |
we | us |
they | them |
he | him |
she | her |
it | it |
Kata ganti sebagai objek ini diletakkan setelahverb (kata kerja) dan setelah preposition (kata depan)
Contoh;
Beni calls Susi .
Beni calls her.
I call Brian
I call him
They know Toni and me.
They know us
We help our parents
We help them
Beni calls her.
I call Brian
I call him
They know Toni and me.
They know us
We help our parents
We help them
I like a cat
I like it
Possessive Adjective
Subject | Possessive Adjective | Contoh Penggunaan |
---|---|---|
I | my | My pen |
you | your | Your pen |
we | our | Their pen |
they | their | Our pen |
he | him | His pen |
she | her | Her pen |
it | its | Its pen |
Apabila menunjukkan milik tidak menggunakan kata ganti (pronoun) diatas tetapi menggunakan nama atau kata benda,
maka digunakan apostrophe (tanda ‘) ditambah s dibelakang nama atau kata benda tersebut.
Contoh: Fatih’s book (bukunya Fatih)
Tetapi jika noun tersebut sudah ada “s” diakhir katanya, maka cukup ditambah dengan tanda apostrophe (tanda ‘) saja.
Contoh: My parents’ house
- My parents’ house (Rumahnya orang tua saya)
- Sulis’ book (Bukunya Sulis)
Possessive Pronoun (Kata Ganti Pemilik)
SUBJECT | POSSESSIVE PRONOUN | ARTI |
I | Mine | Milikku |
You | Yours | Milikmu |
They | Theirs | Milik mereka |
We | Ours | Milik kami / kita |
He | His | Milik dia pria |
She | Hers | Milik dia wanita |
Perbedaan antara Posssessive Adjective dan Possessive Pronoun
- Posssessive Adjective diletakkan setelah noun. Contoh: This is my book.
- Possessive Pronoun diletakkan sebelum/tanpa noun. Contoh: This book is mine. / This is mine.
B. Interrogative Pronouns
Yaitu kata-kata yang digunakan untuk bertanya.
- Who = siapa (subject)
Who is he talking to?
Who are those people?- Whom = siapa (object)
Whom are you playing with?
Whom is he talking to?- Which = yang mana
Which of these bags is yours?
Which do you prefer?- Whose = milik siapa
Whose is this umbrella?
Whose are these gloves?- What = apa
What is your dog’s name?
What are you talking about?
What is the time?
C. Demonstrative Pronouns
Merupakan kata ganti penunjuk. Yaitu kata: this, that, these, those.Penggunaan this dan these ketika menunjuk sesuatu yang dekat. (berarti: ini)
Penggunaan that dan those ketika menunjuk sesuatu yang jauh. (berarti: itu)
Singular : this, that
Plural : these, thoseContoh Penggunaan:Singular :This is a hill.
Plural : These are donkeys.Singular :That is a mountain.
Plural : Those are horses.